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Glossary of Terms

Aquifer
An underground water system.
Atom
The smallest unit of a chemical element made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons which orbit the nucleus.
Calcine
To reduce a substance to a powder by means of heat.
Carnotite
Carnotite is a bright to greenish yellow mineral that occurs typically as crusts and flakes in sandstones. Amounts as low as one percent will color the sandstone a bright yellow. The high uranium content makes carnotite an important uranium ore and also radioactive
Chain Reaction
A reaction which is able to sustain itself or continue.
Conversion
To chemically change solid uranium oxide (U305) into uranium hexaflouride (UF6), which is a gas at low temperature.
Decay
The breakdown of radioactive isotopes by the emission of alpha and beta particles to a state of non-radioactivity.
Ecosystem
An interacting, interdependent community of living organisms.
Electromagnetic
The interaction between electric and magnetic fields.
Electron
An indivisible, stable particle present in all atoms. Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the positively charged nucleus of the atom.
Energy
The ability to do work. There are various forms of energy e.g. heat, light, electrical etc., and energy may be changed from one form to another.
Enrichment
The process of increasing the concentration of the U235 isotope in a mixture of uranium isotopes.
Fissile
A nucleus of an isotope that can be easily split.
Fission
The splitting of an atom into two with the release of energy. It can be spontaneous in nature. It is the process used in nuclear reactors.
Fossil Fuel
Substances used as fuel formed from the remains of organisms in the earths crust, eg. oil, coal, natural gas.
Generate
To produce, or create (e.g. to generate electricity).
Half Life
the length of time that it takes for half of the nuclei in an element to decay.
Irradiation
The process of exposing something (e.g. foodstuffs) to radiation.
Isotope
One or two or more atoms with the same atomic number (i.e. number of protons in their nuclei), but with different numbers of neutrons.
Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by a moving body by virtue of its mass (weight) and velocity (speed).
Leaching
Extracting a mineral from an orebody by using a mixture of chemicals and water.
Mill
A building fitted with machinery for processing materials, especially by crushing and grinding.
Millisieverts
A measurement of radiation levels.
Neutron
An uncharged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Non-renewable
Resources which will eventually be exhausted and cannot be replaced.
Nuclear reactor
A device in which a nuclear fission reaction is maintained and controlled for the purpose of generating heat, which boils water, to spin a turbine, to drive a generator, to produce electricity.
Nucleus
The centre core of an atom which is made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Orebody
Rock containing large enough quantities of one or more useful minerals to make it profitable to mine.
Oxide
A chemical compound containing oxygen and, in most cases, only one other element.
Plutonium
An artificially produced radioactive element formed from neptunium.
Polonium
A radioactive element that is formed as radium decays.
Precipitate
To separate a substance out of a solution in solid form by introducing another substance.
Proton
A positively-charged particle found in the nucleus of every atom.
Radiation
The emission or transfer of radiant energy as particles, electromagnetic waves, sound etc.
Radioactivity
The emission of alpha and beta particles and gamma rays by the atomic nuclei as they decay.
Radioisotope
An isotope that is radioactive.
Radium
A radioactive element that occurs naturally.
Radon
A gaseous element produced by the decay of radium.
Renewable
Resources which cannot be exhausted, eg. sun, wind, tide.
Slurry
A paste or mixture of a liquid and a solid substance.
Stope
A large opening in the ground made to remove ore in a mine.
Sustainable
Resources that are able to meet current needs and also can be managed to meet predicted future needs.
Uranium
A radioactive, silvery-white metallic element.
Vitrification
A process where radioactive waste is separated, concentrated and made into a special glass.
Yellowcake
Uranium oxide concentrate. This is the state in which uranium is exported.